Hochmeister Hermann
von Salza
Hermann
von Salza (or Hermann of Salza) (c. 1165 – March 20, 1239) was the fourth Grand Master of
the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1210 to 1239. A skilled diplomat with ties to the Holy Roman Emperor and the Pope, Hermann
oversaw the expansion of the military order into Prussia. Hermann von Salza was born to a dynasty of ministeriales of the Thuringian landgraves, probably at Dryburg
Castle in Langensalza. With Landgrave Louis III of Thuringia he may have already taken part in the 1189/91
Siege of Acre, where the Teutonic Order was founded. He possibly also joined Landgrave Hermann I and
the Henneberg count Otto von Botenlauben on the Crusade of 1197 and witnessed the coronation
of King Amalric II of Jerusalem. The crusade was aborted upon the death of Emperor Henry VI, whereafter
the Teutonic Knights were re-established as a military order under Grand Master Heinrich Walpot von Bassenheim to secure the conquered estates of the Holy
Land. The precise time of Hermann's entry into the
Order is unknown, but he first appears as Grand Master at the coronation of Count John of Brienne as King
of Jerusalem in 1210. As such he may have spent some time in the Mediterranean Sea region during the first year of his rule. During this period the activities of the Knights were extended from Spain to Livonia.
Hermann was a friend and councilor of the
Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, for whom he represented as a mediator in the Papal curia from 1222 onwards. Pope Honorius
III also recognized Hermann's capabilities, and granted the Teutonic Knights an equal status with the Knights Hospitaller
and the Knights Templar, after it had gone into decline under previous Grand Masters. At the request of King Andrew II of Hungary in 1211, Hermann led the placing of Teutonic Knights in the Burzenland
in Transylvania to defend against the Cumans. Hungarian nobles complained of the order's presence, however, and they were
forced to leave by 1225. Meanwhile, Hermann accompanied Frederick on the Fifth Crusade against Damietta in 1219, and he
was decorated for bravery by John of Brienne. Hermann later convinced Frederick to undertake the Sixth Crusade, and was partially
responsible for Frederick's marriage to Yolanda, John of Brienne's daughter. Upon his return to Europe, Hermann helped to lift Frederick's excommunication.
He was then requested by Konrad I of Masovia to fight the pagan Old Prussians.
After Hermann had gained approval from both the Pope and the Emperor the knights began their lengthy campaign to Christianize Prussia in 1230.
Hermann's subsequent visits with the Pope
or the Emperor brought new privileges and donations to the Order. He was also able to obtain the incorporation of the Livonian
Brothers of the Sword into the Teutonic Order in 1237. The importance of Hermann's role as mediator between Pope Gregory IX
and the emperor can be seen by the fact that all communication between Frederick and the pope broke off with Hermann's death. Within the Teutonic Order, however, the knights began to grow dissatisfied
at the absence of their Grand Master, so they recalled him and had him withdraw from his political life. However, he was
less successful as a religious leader, and soon retired to Salerno in 1238. He died there in 1239.
" Helfen - Wehren - Heilen "
